Simulate time series from the 3-species food chain model of Hastings & Powell (1991) <https://doi.org/10.2307/1940591>. The chosen initial state and parameters should give chaotic dynamics that produce a "teacup" attractor.

simulate_3sp_food_chain(params = c(a_1 = 2.5, b_1 = 3.2, a_2 = 0.1, b_2 =
  2, d_1 = 0.2, d_2 = 0.015), initial_state = c(x = 0.8, y = 0.2, z = 8),
  sample_times = seq(0, 5000, by = 5), ...)

Arguments

params

model parameters

initial_state

initial conditions

sample_times

the time values at which to make observations

...

remaining arguments to be passed to deSolve::ode()

Value

a matrix (and deSolve) object with the observations (and times)