Simulate time series from the LPA (larvae-pupae-adults) flour beetle model of Dennis et al. (2001) <https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2001)071[0277:ECACDI]2.0.CO;2> . The initial conditions follow the experimental setup of Dennis et al. (2001) and the parameters are the maximum-likelihood estimates from Table 1 of the same, with u_a and c_pa adjusted according to the description so as to give chaotic behavior.

simulate_LPA_flour_beetles(params = c(b = 10.67, u_l = 0.1955, u_a =
  0.96, c_el = 0.01647, c_ea = 0.01313, c_pa = 0.35), initial_state = c(L
  = 250, P = 5, A = 100), sample_times = seq(0, 1000), ...)

Arguments

params

model parameters

initial_state

initial conditions

sample_times

the time values at which to make observations

...

remaining arguments to be passed to deSolve::ode()

Value

a matrix (and deSolve) object with the observations (and times)